Cyber Attacks and Security Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cyber Attacks and Security - Research Paper Example This type of cyber attack constitutes the insertion of a computer virus into the end user’s computer, which will ensure that the information used and stored by the user is monitored. This privacy violation is usually perpetrated with the use of spyware, which is usually undetectable by the end-user of the computer. The spyware is downloaded into the user’s system without express knowledge or authorization, and is later used to gather information about the user. Even though this type of attack is not usually malicious, it is used to gather information about the user; information that is then transmitted to the perpetrator. The main aim of this cyber attack is two-fold; monitoring the general movements and procedures of the intended victim, and copying and transmitting information about the user to the perpetrator. The main benefit derived is usually financial, since the information can be used to access financial data and storage, or can be used by a rival organization t o gather product or financial information about another competitor. The second constituent of cyber attack is usually malicious and intended to cause harm to the targeted victim (Lipson, 2002). For example, the perpetrator of this cyber attack can sue a virus that disable the usability of a computer in a network or the network in its entirety. In this case, a computer virus is introduced via an existing network, and contrary to the first example, is used to disrupt the working of the computer. This can be done through continued spamming of the user, or by causing a crash or denial of service to the user. The usual result of this type of cyber attack is the denial of service to the user, possible loss of time and earnings, and the disruption of normal working procedures by the affected person. The third and worst form of cyber attacks is when it is used by conventional terrorists to achieve their means, for example, when the Internet is used to disrupt the functioning of a countryâ⠂¬â„¢s systems (BNAC, 2007). This is usually done through the disruption of the provision of public services, for example, the use of cyber crime to disrupt the functioning of a power grid. This means that online terrorists use the Internet to weaken the infrastructure of a country by stopping or disrupting the provision of normal services. In this case, a country can be severely weakened if terrorists use a series of attacks to disrupt key parts of the economy, for example, disabling electricity provision, water provision, and the coordination of health systems (Cashell, Jackson, Jickling, and Webel, 2004). Even though these kinds of attacks are rare, countries have taken a number of steps to ensure that they never happen, since it leads to a possibility of completely weakening state systems. In the recent past, there has been an increased call for the government to respond to cyber attacks targeting the country with conventional weapons. The main reasoning behind these calls is th at cyber terrorism qualifies to be called terrorism, and since the government is obligated to prevent terrorism, conventional weapons should be used (GFI, 2011). However, a more reasonable reaction to cyber attacks is based on preventing the future occurrence of the attacks. Many organizations would find it hard to recover from a cyber attack aimed at crippling operations; therefore, it is advisable that these firms avoid the attacks. It is evident that, since cyber attacks are mainly

Frank Herbert and His Classic Novel, Dune Essay -- Frank Herbert Dune

Frank Herbert and His Classic Novel, Dune â€Å"A beginning is the time for taking the most delicate care that the balances are correct.† Princess Irulan speaks these words in the award-winning novel Dune (Novel). Frank Herbert knew this quote was true because he carefully planned his epic masterpiece before he started writing. The novel could only happen after research of a variety of topics. Dune has many different influences and origins. Frank Herbert’s complicated book, covering a variety of themes, took six years to complete (Wikipedia). Frank Herbert was born in Tacoma Washington on October 8, 1920. At an early age, he carried around books by Edgar Rice Burroughs, Jules Verne, and H.G. Wells in a Boy Scout backpack. At the age of eight, he stood on the kitchen table and declared that he wanted to be an author. His maternal grandfather, John McCarthy, said that Frank, only a small child, was much smarter than his age. Frank was very similar to Lady Alia, a character in Dune. They both had the mind of an adult in a child’s body (Dunenovels). Herbert did not immediately become a writer, but started work in journalism. He lied about his age to work for the Glendale Star in 1939. He put his writing career on hold and joined the United States navy during World War II. He married Flora Parkinson in 1941 and divorced in 1945. Herbert fathered one daughter from this marriage (Wikipedia). After the war, Herbert met a young woman named Beverly Ann Stuart in a creative writing class at the University of Washington. Frank’s son, Brian, once said that Frank did not graduate from college because he did not want to take all of the required courses. He only wanted to take the classes that interested him. Herbert and Beverly, his fu... ...ls). The merging of various themes and cultures is part of what has made Dune so popular.The novel has been translated into more than twenty different languages and is constantly being reprinted. The many influences of Dune, including the Arabic words, the Islamic culture, and real ecological problems helped shape Dune into a timeless classic. Works Cited Herbert, Frank. Dune City of publication: Publisher, publication date DuneNovels. 10 Sep. 2004. 12 Sep. 2004 . Wikipedia. 12 Sep. 2004 . O’Reilley, Tim. Frank Herbert. Frederick Ungar Publishing Co., Inc, 1981. Islamic Themes in Frank Herbert’s Dune. 12 Sep. 2004 . Sparknotes: Dune by Frank Herbert. Barnes & Noble12 Sep. 2004 .

Failure of Comet Essay

In the first part of this report, the writers focused on the process to undertake risk management, which including risk identification, analysis of probability and consequences, risk mitigation strategy and finally control and document. Subsequently, the writers did the analysis and hypothesis on how can risk management be helpful if De Havilland Company undertook risk management during the process of Comet project. While in the second part, the writers discussed different types of risk that related to the Comet project, such as, technical risk, financial risk, commercial risk and human resource risk. The most critical risk was technical risk because it may have lead to many problems, such as, damage of image, financial loss and unsalable product. Regarding the third part, the writers concluded the critical errors of the company made in the Comet project. In our opinion, one critical error was too big distinction of company pursue in a limited time. The research and development of high technology product itself implied huge risk and uncertainty that have to be handled within a certain period of time, let alone fulfill the extra new design elements in a short period. Another problem was their slow reaction of accident. They were over dependent on the opinion of designer, but in fact, the subjective judgment of designers didnt lead the company to get out of the trouble. In the final part, the writers reviewed the statement Fail is the price we pay for technological advancementand noticed that although risk management may help organizations face those risks and reduce their loss, risk cannot be total avoided in general. Without failures, our society may not be so developed. How risk management could have aided in Comet project As we know,

Mandatory Immunization Requirements For Children Essay

In the United States, all fifty states have some form of immunization requirements in order for children to attend school. All fifty states allow for medical exemptions and require evidence for such. However, there are currently forty-seven states that allow exemptions for religious views and eighteen states that allow exemptions for philosophical reasons or â€Å"personal beliefs.† This lack of consistency from state to state is a contemporary issue facing public education and this discrepancy needs to be addressed. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in non-medical exemptions. Whatever the reasoning may be, parents have been choosing not to vaccinate their children and as a result, the well-being of the general public has been put at risk. In order to insure public health across the nation, the Center for Disease Control needs to enforce that all fifty states in the U.S. implement strict and synonymous immunization requirements, making all vaccines mandato ry (unless proven to be medically or religiously exempt). The routine U.S. childhood immunization schedule (from birth through age six) consists of vaccines for hepatitis B, diphtheria/ tetanus/pertussis (DTap), rotavirus (RV), Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), pneumococcus (PCV), polio virus (IPV), measles/ mumps/rubella (MMR), varicella (also known as chickenpox), and hepatitis A. Since the introduction of these vaccines, mortality rates caused from these diseases have drastically decreased and whatShow MoreRelatedMandatory Vaccination, and the High Risk of Vaccine-preventable Disease (VPD) to the Vaccine Refusal.1361 Words   |  6 Pagesreasons behind the mandatory vaccination. (1) High immunization coverage helps in substantial decrease in vaccine preventable disease, so diminution in the incidence of VPD lead to the public awareness that the severity and the susceptibility of the disease have declined. Simultaneously, the side effects associated with the vaccination have increased the public concern. Therefore, the numbers of the people who refuse to take the vaccination for them and for their children have increased. RecentlyRead MoreImmunizations And Vaccinations : A Hot Topic1426 Words   |  6 Pages Immunizations and Vaccinations: A Hot Topic Crystal L. Clauser Frostburg State University Immunizations and Vaccinations: A Hot Topic In the United States, the childhood immunization schedule recommends that children receive approximately 15 vaccinations by 19 months of age, and it specifies ages for administration of each vaccination dose (Luman, Barker, McCauley, Drews-Botsch, 2005, p. 1367). According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a vaccine is a product thatRead MoreFederal And State Governments Should Not Mandatory Vaccination Of Adult Citizens762 Words   |  4 Pagesrequire immunizations as a condition of employment (i.e. US military and healthcare workers). In addition, the CDC recommends certain vaccinations for teens and college students that attend school as a means to curtail the spread of highly communicable diseases such as meningitis. Finally, the federal government imposes vaccination requirements for non-US citizens who wish to reside in the US. Foreign citizens who desire permanent residency in the US, as well as adopted foreign-born children who areRead MoreThe Discovery of Vaccines Prevented The Spread of Infectious Diseases1342 Words   |  6 Pagesthe world wide scale, the requirement of vaccinations of children to enter the public school system remains a current public health concern. 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Ever since the invention of the Smallpox vaccine more than two centuries ago, there has been an abundance of controversy over the morality, ethics, effectivenessRead MoreThe Controversy Surrounding Childhood Immunizations Essay1151 Words   |  5 PagesThe Controversy Surrounding Childhood Immunizations The argument encompassing whether or not parents should vaccinate their children is ongoing. It is a very interesting matter to learn about and I possess some strong feelings about the case. This issue interests me because there are parents who don’t have their children vaccinated, and there are parents who do have them vaccinated. But all these parents share one particular quality: they all would like for their kids to be safe. One of the thingsRead MoreBenefits And Risks Of Recommended Child Immunizations Essay1461 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper explores the benefits and risks of recommended child immunizations. The potential risks involve health outcomes but not limited to asthma, learning disorders, seizures, and autism. Even with extensive research, there has been question on whether enough resEarch has gone into addressing the long term outcomes and the entire immunization schedule. Engaging parents in the stages of development is crucial to address any concerns about the childhood vaccines. The process of development of theseRead MoreShould Children Be Mandatory For Children?1139 Words   |  5 Pagesare a lot worse. Some are even life-threatening. Immunization shots, or vaccinations, are essential in order to obtain resistance to these illnesses. Natural active immunity is acquired in the course of daily life. When you catch a virus or a bacterium, your immune system fights if off, and memory cell s are created for the next meeting. Artificial active immunity is developed through vaccinations. It is mandatory for infants and school-aged children to have some of these vaccinations as they buildRead MoreMaking All Vaccinations Mandatory : Are We Hurting Or Helping? Essay1671 Words   |  7 Pages Making all Vaccinations Mandatory - Are We Hurting or Helping? Vaccines: More help or more hurt? No parent wants to hinder the health of their baby nor do they go into parenthood with the idea that they would love to have a child with any disease at all. Parents will do anything and everything in their power to keep their children safe. When following the recommendation of most doctors, children will receive upwards of 38 vaccinations by the time he or she is 18 months old. The idea of making vaccinationsRead MoreImmunizations Is Better Than A Cure Essay1129 Words   |  5 PagesImmunizations Vaccines started in modern times. Prevention is better than a cure. I could not find better words to describe the controversy surrounding the effectiveness and safety of childhood immunizations. The main argument is whether or not laws should be implemented on mandatory vaccination for children and adults. Given that most vaccines are administered for purposes of prevention rather than treatment, vaccines are often given to healthy individuals. There are many requirements