Sunday, August 23, 2020

Business Law and Ethics

Question: Talk about the Business Law and Ethics. Answer: In lawful speech the word carelessness might be characterized as a disappointment by the respondent to work out, appropriate standard of care in a specific conditions, which any reasonable individual would have practiced in such comparative conditions (Eades 2015). It is a legitimate obligation to practice sufficient consideration in the occasion when one can anticipate that neglecting to exercise such mind would almost certainly cause harms or injury. To bring a legitimate activity against the transgressor the oppressed individual must build up the accompanying basics of carelessness: obligation of care, penetrate of obligation of care, causation and remoteness of the harm (Deakin, Johnston and Markesinis 2012). In the given case, Trevor has been careless as it was his obligation to guarantee the wellbeing of his voyagers. He should take the visitors back inside light however he got excessively associated with his work to bring back the vacationers securely. He has submitted a break of his obligation to fare thee well. Notwithstanding, Anna was similarly carelessness in her activities. In spite of monitoring the principles and guidelines, she didn't tail them. In such conditions, Anna may bring legitimate activity against Trevor for his demonstration of carelessness; Trevor may apply the guideline of contributory carelessness with all due respect against such activity. The basic components of Torts of Negligence are specified as beneath: First Element: Duty of care Obligation of care is the duty of one individual towards another not to perpetrate injury to that individual. In law of tort when one individual acts foolishly or carelessly which thusly makes injury someone else, the individual causing such injury is subject to pay harms to the distressed individual (Mendelson 2014). This fundamental component has been settled on account of Donoghue v. Stevenson [1932] AC 562. The Civil Liability Act 2002 gives arrangements in the area 5B and 5C of the Act. This milestone case has set up the neighbor test. The rule that one should adore its neighbor and that one must not do any harm or harm its neighbor was put to address for this situation. The court clarified that an individual owes an obligation to practice sensible consideration to turn away exclusions or acts bombing which, the individual can sensibly envision that such demonstration or oversight would probably make harm his neighbor. Issue Carried out Trevor owe an obligation of care towards Anna? Law It is an entrenched law that so as to prevail in a lawful suit brought against the litigant for a demonstration of carelessness, the offended party must demonstrate that the respondent owed to the offended party an obligation of practicing standard of care to maintain a strategic distance from any injury caused to the offended party because of the demonstrations of the litigant. In Caparo Industries PIc V Dickman [1990] 2 AC 605 it was held that there must exist a relationship perceived by law as neighbor between the gathering owing obligation of care and the gathering to whom the obligation is owed. Application In the current situation, Anna was one of the travelers who went to one of Trevors strolls. Here, since Trevor was the traveler direct, it was his obligation that he keeps up all the wellbeing guidelines and ensure that the voyagers adhere to the security leads too. The neighbor and the caparo test will be applied to guarantee that one must exercise care towards its neighbor. End It is set up that there existed a relationship of neighbor among Trevor and Anna and he owed an obligation to practice standard of care to guarantee the security of Anna. Second Element: Breach of Duty of Care An individual is said to have submitted a break of obligation of care if that individual neglects to practice the obligation of care he owed to the bothered individual. An individual is by and by held at risk if there should be an occurrence of penetrate if such break makes injury the oppressed individual. The court watched the target test in Bolton v. Stone[1951] AC 850, [1951] 1 All ER 1078 to decide if there was a break of obligation of care. The court clarified that the respondent will be held at risk on the off chance that he neglects to practice sensible consideration which any sensible individual would practice in comparable conditions. In the event that a judicious individual neglects to predict impeding results of his activity, at that point the respondent will not be viewed as careless in taking security measures (Giliker 2014). Issue Did Trevor submit a penetrate of his obligation of care? Law On the off chance that the litigant neglects to practice the standard of sensible consideration towards the offended party which any reasonable individual would practice in similar conditions, the respondent is said to have submitted a penetrate of his obligation of care (Little et al. 2014). The respondent must play it safe to stay away from any hindering outcomes, he could predict that is probably going to make harms or injury the offended party (Guay III and Cummins 2013). Application Trevor himself requested that all the voyagers put on reasonable garments and shoes for the strolls and that he would direct, the stroll during daytime as there had been occurrences of customer wounds in the past during the evening time strolls. He neglected to see that Anna was wearing improper apparel, shoes was conveying drinks. In addition, he engaged with his work for a really long time and returned after dusk realizing it was undependable to stroll amidst the woods in obscurity. Trevor was could anticipate the likelihood of hazard that could result if the walk was directed in obscurity. He neglected to practice the standard of care he owed to Anna and the sightseers. Any sensible individual would have practiced the standard of care in such a circumstance. End Trevor has submitted the penetrate of his obligation of care he owed to Anna. Third Element: Causation The offended party must set up the way that the harms endured by him were the result of the litigants activities. In Barnett V Chelsea Kensington Hospital [1969] 1 QB 428, the court acquainted the yet for test with decide whether the harm caused was a result of the litigants penetrate of obligation of care. The test connotes that however for the activity of the litigant, would the offended party endured wounds? On the off chance that the appropriate response is truly, at that point the respondent is absolved , assuming no, at that point he is held subject. Issue Is Trevor at risk for the individual injury caused to Anna? Law On the off chance that the offended party demonstrates that the harm endured by him is an aftereffect of the litigants break of his obligation of care, at that point the court will discover that if the respondent had not submitted a penetrate, would the offended party despite everything endure such harms (Giliker 2014). On the off chance that it is in this way, at that point the respondent is held at risk for the harms caused to the offended party and in the event that it isn't thus, at that point he will be absolved from such obligation (Goudkamp and Ihuoma 2016). Application For this situation, had Trevor seen that Anna was not wearing appropriate attire and legitimate shoes; she would not have experienced the injury so caused. End Had Trevor been progressively mindful and returned during Anna would not have worn heels and supported knee injury. Fourth Element: Remoteness of harms The offended party must build up that the harm caused to him by the respondent because of break isn't remote. The court applied the test in the Wagon Mound no 1 [1961] AC 388 that on the off chance that the harm caused was predictable, at that point the litigant will be subject for it. On the off chance that the harm isn't unsurprising, at that point he will be excluded from the liabilities. Issue Is the harm caused to Anna remote? Law In the event that the harm caused is predictable, at that point the litigant will be held at risk for the harm brought about by his penetrate of obligation of care. The harm caused must not be remote. It must be the quick result of the litigants activity (Iacobucci and Trebilcock 2016). Application Anna continued knee wounds as she was wearing heels. In the event that Trevor were progressively wary, he would not have let her convey heels. Trevor realized wearing heels would bring about injury in the timberland. End The injury endured by Anna was not remote and that Trevor knew and could foresee the hazard wearing heels would add up to in the backwoods. Protections The principle of Contributory Negligence goes about as a protection to the respondent in the law of Negligence. This teaching empowers the respondent to safeguard himself on the ground that the offended party is similarly liable for the misfortunes endured and the wounds supported by the offended party (VanDerhei 2014). The idea of this tenet has been set down under segment 5R-5 T of the Civil obligation Act. The offended party might be kept from recuperating harms from the litigant for the wounds continued (Keating 2015). In the current situation, Trevor has submitted a break of the obligation of care towards Anna as he neglected to see that Anna was not wearing reasonable attire and shoes as was told to wear. Anna was additionally answerable for the injury continued as she conveyed drinks. In spite of the fact that Trevor will not be completely excluded yet the measure of harms will be loose somewhat according to the carefulness of the court as expressed on account of Stapley v Gypsum Mines[1953] AC 663. Cures Anna might be qualified for harms for the wounds continued for the penetrate submitted by Trevor under segment 51 of the Civil Liability Act 2002. In spite of the fact that, Anna has submitted contributory carelessness by not wearing the educated attire and conveying drinks during the walk, Trevor will not be completely absolved from the liabilities. References: Barnett V Chelsea Kensington Hospital [1969] 1 QB 428 Bolton v. Stone[1951] AC 850, [1951] 1 All ER 1078 Caparo Industries PIc V Dickman [1990] 2 AC 605 Deakin, S. F., Johnston, A., Markesinis, B. S. (2012).Markesinis and Deakin's tort law. Oxford University Press. Donoghue v. Stevenson [1932] AC 562 Eades, R. W. (2015).Torts Involving Personal Property(Vol. 1). Jury Instructions on Damages in Tort Actions. Giliker, P., 2014. Tort Law and the Legislature: Common Law, Statute and the Dynamics of Legal Change. Goudkamp, J., Ihuoma, M. (2016). A Tour of the Tort of Negligence. Guay III, G. E., Cummins, R. (2013).Tort Law for Paralegals. Pearson Higher Ed. Iacobucci, E. M., Trebilcock, M. J. (2016). An eco

Saturday, August 22, 2020

In the Lake of the Woods & The Story of an Hour Essay

In the Lake of the Woods and The Story of an Hour - Essay Example Examination of composing style: Kate works for her story inside the constraints of 60 minutes. She utilizes short sentences and shorter sections. Tim has a long canvas and a greater plot to approach working out his topics and to portray the outlook of his characters. His pen accomplishes that objective by utilizing wonderful and frequenting portrayals. Both the creators understand the job of the significant abstract devise of tension and they use it successfully and that component, alongside other auxiliary subjects qualifies the tales to be classified as manifestations of craftsmanship. Fighting viciousness of war In the Lake of the Woods by Tim: War endeavors of John are connected to his general desire throughout everyday life. Everything else is less imperative to him. All his perspectives are focused on solid desire and activities are coordinated to accomplish pre-chosen objectives. Being a trying legislator, he wishes to enter the corridor of political acclaim as fast as could b e expected under the circumstances and along these lines offers significance to the mental self portrait genuinely. His companion warrior recommends that the slaughter in Vietnam ought to be accounted for to a military official, yet John is reluctant as such an activity would be a smudge on his political profession. Tim O’Brien contends, Among the missing, among the dead, there is just the transition of probability. (23) He goes above and beyond to adulterate the records to expel the name from the bloody occasions and takes part in self-advancement to make sure about decorations for his military profession that will in the long run help the political desire. He has a go at attempting to make a bogus image of the delightful world around him. This uncovers the negative characteristic of John. He develops a mystery elective plan of escapement from connections. The writer composes, â€Å"First there, there was Vietnam, where John Wade slaughtered individuals and where he made lo ng letters full out of perceptions about the idea of their adoration. He didn't enlighten her regarding the executing. (61) The creator thinks about the slaughter in Vietnam to that of the Indians on account of Custer. He portrays marriage as a self-elevating vocation and to accomplish name and acclaim. The pronounced desire of John is to pick up notoriety and O’Brien portrays how means are of no result to him. He utilizes questionable strategies to make sure about future. He is happy to convey any number of mystery apparitions in his pocket, so far as they don't upset his professional success. At each stage, he challenges life utilizing incorrectly implies, receives foul measures to corner notoriety. At no phase of life does he receive genuine techniques for improving the possibilities, consistently enjoyed questionable thinking as the main impetus to get his aggressive plans cleared. Fighting relationships: As a harsh/male centric foundation and love relationships: Both the western and oriental importance of the word marriage is- - to stream together agreeably. Two unmistakable people, to isolate characters, conceived, reared and raised in two diverse situation attempt to meet up to locate a typical personality, a shared objective and to be exact a typical all. The Suppressed Joy of Independence is the primary subject of Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour.† Louise has two kinds of responses on hearing the updates on death of her significant other in a railroad mishap. One that of absolute distress, for the utilizations of the open crowd, companions and precious ones. The acknowledgment sunrises inside her about picking up autonomy and that point of view

Friday, August 21, 2020

Web 2.0 and Green ICT

Question: Examine about the Web 2.0 and Green ICT. Answer: Presentation: Green ICT is the need of the present period so as to keep up the parity of the biological system and Web 2.0 advancements have end up being of an incredible guide all the while. In any case, there are sure issues that have been recognized in the utilization of Green ICT with Web 2.0. The first and the principal challenge are in quite a while of making an effective move from customary web advancement forms towards Web 2.0 in a joint effort with the Green ICT. There are different changes that get presented with the equivalent as far as authoritative arrangements and activities that develop as a test. It has been seen that the associations think that its hard to move from the arranged method of execution to the fresher procedures (Kazlauskas, 2009). Additionally, the workers show obstruction towards the change that impacts the profitability and productivity levels. Another significant test that has been experienced in connection with Web 2.0 and Green ICT rehearses is as far as the abil ities that are required for the equivalent. There are associations that have the target to embrace the green ICT rehearses in the entirety of their improvement exercises yet don't have the satisfactory abilities and methodology for the equivalent. Vitality proficient practices have still not been remembered for various ICT and Web 2.0 instructional meetings which become a significant reason for the absence of skill. There are likewise expanded security chances in the realm of web and the equivalent has affected Web 2.0 advancement too. The event of such an assault or hazard additionally cuts down the advancement as far as Green ICT (Cepis, 2011). References Cepis, (2011). Green ICT: Trends and Challenges. [online] Available at: https://www.cepis.org/update/media/FULL_2011_42.pdf [Accessed 23 Nov. 2016]. Kazlauskas, A. (2009). Web 2.0 Solutions to Wicked Climate Change Problems. [online] Available at: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/4737/5a3a314bbe025c27d8e547e511237ebe9b24.pdf [Accessed 23 Nov. 2016].

Online Communities :: Music Shoegaze Internet Essays

Online Communities While scanning for online networks I chose to explore a subject I previously had a little information about. My companion had informed me regarding an online discussion he was bought in to named Blisscent. Blisscent is a gathering of more than 1500 individuals who are keen on the melodic style of shoegaze rock. For the individuals who don't have a clue what shoegaze seems like it very well may be depicted as a spacey finished type of hard rock; shoegaze started in Britain during the mid 1980’s. Shoegaze is a semi-tired music. The guitar riffs are regularly overlaid ordinarily during the account procedure, which causes one to feel like he is encircled with a mass of thick solid. The harmonies are not hard and cut up, they are moderate profound harmonies. The synthesizers frequently include a foundation commotion and the drumbeats merge with the synthesizers that thus merge with the guitars. The vocals are normally gradually breathed out and throb with the bearing of the music. Each part of the music consolidates together to make a crossover sound that is by all accounts starting from one source. It could be depicted as the prior seconds getting taken under by a title wave, just in moderate movement yet with the standard hints of the waves colliding with you. I know a smidgen about shoegaze, it’s not my preferred classification of music, yet I figured I would have the option to comprehend the essential thoughts of the network. I found that I wasn't right; I had never known about a large portion of the groups being examined. I could perceive a couple and had heard some previously however the individuals from this discussion new everything about these groups. The people group appeared to know each other well overall; individuals were welcoming different individuals to shows their band was playing at. A few individuals sent postings ridiculing different groups that they knew. Individuals praised each other with a posting in the wake of seeing the others band.

Sunday, July 5, 2020

Unilever Project plan - Free Essay Example

INTRODUCTION: There are many kinds of business everywhere; where there are many issues related to the growth of the company and Different strategies will enable different companies to reach those goals. Unilever is a company started in 1930 formed of Dutch Margarine Company and British based lever brothers. Unilever holds a wide range of products which include food, personal care, beverages, canned foods, ice creams and many more which are worlds best consumer brands. The case study describes a lot of information regarding Unilevers business strategies, key elements of Unilevers path to growth, how they rejuvenated and restructured the companies slow moving performance to wide range of brands across the world. BRIEF CASE STUDY: Unilever was created in 1930 as an outcome of merger with dual chairpersons and headquarters one in Netherlands and other in Unites Kingdom. This is of one the giant and best competitors in the industry which holds wide range of products. The two chairpersons have launched a strategy in early 2000 to recover the companys performance which was said to be lackluster. With the new strategies the company showed a significant progress and has gone through many dealings over the next years, this made the company to open 20 new acquisitions worldwide and increased the sales of the company. Thus the companys business was restructured, renovated and improved through its acquisitions. Then their came companies likes nestle which effecting the growth of Unilever. Unilever then started efforts to attract and motivate young, talented and innovative managers from outside its company. TASK 1: SWOT : A planning technique which is used for summarizing the key issues and evaluates the Strengths (S), Weaknesses (W), Opportunities (O) and Threats (T) in any business is called an SWOT analysis. Analysis is the brief study of any case how they are going to be obtained, who are responsible for causing it and solving it by planning which involves internal and external factors of a business or an organization; internal factors are classified as strengths(S) or weaknesses (W) and external factors are classified as Opportunities (O) or Threats (T). Strengths are those characteristics of a person or a company that are useful to achieve the goals. Weaknesses are the characteristics of a person or a company that is destructive to achieve the objective. Opportunities and threats are the external factors that are helpful in achieving and damaging the business performance respectively. ? Figure1: Illustrative diagram of SWOT Analysis https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis The figure1 show the illustrative diagram of SWOT analysis. The internal factors include personal, finance, manufacturing capabilities, etc and the external factors may include technological changes which may cause changes in products and processes that is inventing a new product or making the product better which include quality of the product and the consumer desire, market influences due to unemployment rates effect the company and price factors is one of the important thing to keep in mind , market place is one more thing which is very important that is the company or a business should be located in a convenient environment to the consumers to attract and the product should be user friendly. Another important factor is that its external appearance the packing and the name of the products should be eye catchy. At last he customer relations should be friendly and consumer satisfaction is ve ry necessary. Other than these there are some more factors which may be changing due to economic and social factors and competitive positions which may create new opportunities or threats. SWOT analysis is useful in decision making when most wanted these include nonprofit organizations, individuals. It is the only method for classification and has its own weaknesses. A SWOT which produces no strategies is of no use whereas which generates important strategies is useful. Unilever had a very tough competition during that time when it was bringing about the changes it was probably at this stage that these companies had moved forward with there various strategies. Skills, assets, finance, facilities are the resources which are used in any business to compete in the industry. In the same way Unilever used their own resources to grow as giant company. They have implemented SWOT analysis and implemented new business strategies and rejuvenated their company from lack lust to significant progress in sales. It has concentrated on marketing and advertising its business and gained increased pricing with supermarket vendors. Unilever was lagging in sales when compared with nestle, Procter Gamble, Kelloggs etc its path of growth strategy which met considerable uncertainty which made Unilever to undertake a series of actions by cutting the companies profile to reach corporate goals and introduced 20 new acquisitions worldwide and restructured the company into two divisions one includes all food products and other household and personal care. Then started other two new businesses across the world. The external market factors such as technological changes, social factors, and other companies growth made a very big impact on the consumer preferences and Unilever had to cut its revenue growth. Later it continued to obtain more products across the world and these products gave managers to make their own decision making to set priorities by introducing new initiatives. Unilever has even motivated and attracted young talented managers from outside the company to join their company. According to Unilevers SWOT analysis the strengths of the company are recognized as it is a global company with strong brand profile with worlds best brands and maintains strong relation with its retailers. But coming to its weaknesses it has insufficient management of brands and doesnt not connect with customers. And inability to maximize acquisitions has reduced spending for R D. Thought it has got many opportunities by introducing many products by changing customer preferences and increase in productio n of quality goods. There are threats equally which cause decrease in revenues with high market competition, increasing the number brands and exchange rates. There are many growth expectations, risks, profit margins in food and house hold industry which is composed of many sectors and sub sectors by challenging the change of customers preferences with challenging rival firms to gain market shares. Then with competitive achievement by creating attractive products through acquisitions and with capability of growing sales of the brands which existed and improve margins. For all this the many key to success was advertising the products. By improving the profits of the company not only included shifting sales of the products but also boosting efficiency and unit costs. There were three factors which worried in 2000, the consolidation pressures in food industry which bothered were slower growth rates in food industries, rapid consolidation among grocery markets that is between branded manufactures and private manufactures for good self space in the grocery stores. In the United States for several years the food industry was miserable and was expected to continue for few more years due to more women working and decreasing house hold sizes, single parents and singles. But the food industry in Europe, Asia, Africa and other less developed countries were attractive. Thought the competition between branded and private manufactures was a never ending issue, private manufactures improved their quality of products by growing market shares. Then there came many giant super markets and gave an opportunity for private brands with attractive prices below branded products and even provided checkout scanners to help the customers know price difference which tempt them to BRIEF SWOT ANALYSIS OF UNILEVERS CASE STUDY STRENGHTS WEAKNESSESS Global company. Reduced spending for R D. Best Brands. Inability to maximize acquisitions. Strong relation with retailers. Insufficient management of brands. Dual Leadership. OPPURTUNITIES THREATS Increasing in need of quality products. Decrease in revenues. Changing customer preferences. Strong competition. Increase in brands. shift to the private brands. Due to the heavy competition among them manufactures had to cut down the costs of the products, number of versions of the products and weed out weak brands and concentrate on those brands which were popular among the customers and those could develop into global brands. Introducing dual headquarters by dividing the food industry which consisted of 6 categories and household industry which consisted of 8 categories there were many benefits such as improving food and household industry by focusing more on them regionally and globally. Accelerating decision making and successful integration of R D though there were some critics that Unilever has been paying more for some of its acquisitions such as acquire Amora Maille. Unilever as of then in 2003 had been seen as a growing organization which probably had all the necessary requirements to make it a force to recon with, during the Path to Growth strategy many aspects of the company had come out some of them included the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Strengths, probably the biggest strength that the company had at that time was the correct selection of the brands and the products it had in store unilever had done many researches and had to make many decisions to get the right combinations products that where to be sold it also had the right ideas to increase the sales and all the leading brands to help its cause. Unilever was very good at that time even if the financial aspect was taken into consideration it could experiment with various aspects of its store cause had the financial backup which was required at that time to help it implement various ideas and deal with the market pressures, for any company to improve its sales marke ting always plays a very important role this was probably there biggest strength as the marketing strategy applied by them managed to grab peoples attention as they easy to be connected to and much more simplistic and realistic. Unilever did manage all its clients very well considering that during a phase when they where cutting on the brands it would have been a risk to out anything at that time but it was very well managed by the company. Mainly the fact that unilever was now looking to make the higher range or the brands which where more famous as there core brands which made it much easier for them to advertise considering that it is much easier to promote a very well known and a trusted brand rather than a normal or new brand to increase the sales. Weaknesses, though unilever had a very good policy and all the right objectives to make a difference in the industry it couldnt happen basically due to the lack of proper organization, it was actually much like a bureaucratic organization where things where divided between too many people and it had become difficult to get the ideas moving due to the lack of proper organization, it probably all started with the fact that the company had to deal with too many brands in the first place it would obviously have the impact when the Path to Growth strategy came up cause of the then 1600 brands only 400 brands where retained and rest all where either removed or replaced, that shows that due the lack of proper organization and too many brands being part of it didnt help it in making the changes it wanted to in a better and quickest way. The organization was probably one field in which the company was lacking because it was felt that at the top of the company as there were too many people mak ing decisions and these decisions had to be put forward and this delayed the process of improvement for the company. Opportunities, during this phase of development and renewing it content and upgrading of the stock it turned out to be very fruitful as it provided many working opportunities for people it was at that time that many people where starting to get full time work, during this phase a lot of acquisition also took place with the major brands which resulted in some alterations in plans to that which were planned. SlimFast which is a private company is another acquisition of Unilever after implementing path to growth strategy in 2000 the company bargained an agreement to purchase slimfast diet foods. It had strong sales and network and has a special space in every super market and drugstores these products were made from natural ingredients and added vitamins and minerals to provide good nutritional profile. It also maintained a very good relationship with Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and other agencies. Unilever has concentrated more on this Slimfast since the company was growing fast and attracted the customers to buy more of it for healthier and long living life .Management of Unilever utilized the opportunity to globalize the product in other countries like Europe, Australia due to increase in the percent of obese. According to the world health organization percent of the obese was increasing gradually. UNILEVERS TOP COMPETITORS ? Figure: Competitors Performance Comparison https://finance.aol.com/company/unilever-plc-amer/ul/nys/top-competitors Ben Jerrys acquisitions which produces one of the finest ice creams anywhere in pint cartons and wholesale at groceries. Their sales slogan was Vermont finest All Natural Ice cream. They never use any artificial flavors thought the cost is little more it is worth the price. According to the time magazine Vermont makes the best ice cream in the world with 29 flavors in pint cartons and 45 flavors in bulk cartons. There products were distributed throughout the world. On demand Ben jerry operated three manufacturing plants where Vermont plant produces super premier ice cream and frozen yogurts where as spring field produces ice cream, lot fat ice creams in bulk, pint cartons and half gallons. Dreyers and Haagen-Dazs were the two major competitors of Ben jerry and other competitors were Colombo frozen yogurts, Kemps ice cream and star bucks. Ben Jerry produces a wide range of ice creams products like sticks, bars, frozen yogurt pops etc. Though Haagen- Dazs was the global market leader followed by Ben jerry it had an insignificant market share in United States where as Haagen- Dazs was more significantly sold in foreign markets. Both Ben jerry and Haagen-Dazs produced ice creams with cookies and candies in it. Bestfoods was a global company across the world almost in 60 countries which was busy in manufacturing and marketing the food products. Bestfoods profits are almost from outside of the United States that is almost 60 percent of its profits. It is one of the best managed food companies among United States who has much number of employees working with in their company in which half of them were at non US locations. The company increased payments for 14 successive years has its revenues grow by7.8 percent annual rate and suddenly slow downed during the period of 1997 and 1999. Then the company introduced a strategy with four core elements. Globalization of the companys core consumers: Products which are new in the market are needed to be globalized that is the products which are less popular among the consumers, are needed to be advertised and market those products to increase its sales and profits of those products. Few such products are knorr product line, salad dressing and food service operations. The advertising of such kind of products was done very well in order to get those products globally recognized and be accepted among many big brands and soon they became household names. Improvement in cost effectiveness: With changing customer preference the quality of the products must be improved and therefore there should also be improvement in cost effectiveness as the quality improves cost increases. Cost effectiveness is nothing but it is a way by which you show to a customer that a certain is product is worth using or is better than other product or the money u spend on it is worth it. Cost effectiveness in simple would be defined as showing the worth of the product. Looking for new market opportunities: Extending the product sales all over the world via new product introductions and extending sales of the products which are existed in the market. It is very important for any company to be always alert and look for opportunities to extend the business to a large scale and see it in a bigger picture based on the opportunities it gets. Using free cash to make new acquisition: With expanding the products and brands company has created 60 acquisitions in the global market. After struggling a lot in June 2000 best foods agreed to be acquired by Unilever. Best foods were the largest acquisition undertaken by Unilever by as far as concerned and which makes a largest combination of food companies in 12 years. Management of Unilever believed that combining and assimilating bestfoods would result in pre tax cost saving, better efficiencies in business process, synergy in distribution marketing, reformation of general and administrative functions and improved economies of scale. By creating robust business in United States market, increasing strengths of Unilever and best foods in Europe, building of best foods in Latin America to speed up the growth of Unilever brands, by distributing strengths in Asia- pacific to grow and sped up Bestfoods brands and increasing the sales of Unilever products by food service channel of Bestfoods. The work culture was so casual to make the atmosphere fun and lively with communication between the management and employees. The company respected the employees suggestions and respected them even paid the employees a reasonable salary Finally Unilever has announced sale of Bestfoods Backing Company to Canadian food and super market group known as George Weston for $ 1.76billion though Unilever declared to divest Bestfoods Baking Company and Unilever other products and bakery products does not exit any more at Unilever. Bestfoods has 19plans across the United States with a strong management team and was entirely US based. It was one of the best distributing for delivering the baked products which are really baked fresh and sent directly to the retail stores. With its dedication and hard work Bestfoods sales has increased its profit margins by 8 percent. Later again Unilever announced to sell 19 Bestfood brands across North America to ACH food companies which is a supplementary of Associated British Food. By successfully combining the operations of bestfoods with Unilever by the year end of 2003 the two companies had been merged in 63countries across the world TASK 2: Path to Growth: Path to growth strategy was initiated in 2000 and was restructured for several years for better and significant results. The key elements of this Unilevers path to growth strategy were cutting down its brands from 1600 brands to 400core brands to achieve top line sales and increase profits by advertising the brands which are more popular and leading brands across the world and concentrating on R D. Another important key element was divesting underperforming brands and theirs companies and introducing more innovated things to enhance the internal development of the organization and making new acquisitions. Unilevers years of slow performance and its lack of corporate strategy in the competition industry with low number of brands and ordinary performance in growing markets with a little global presence made to create a path to growth strategy which was a 5 year growth plan which made them to concentrate on more brands and product innovations for internal and external growth of the company. And made the company to grow with acquisitions. According to FitzGerald and Bergmans path to growth strategy they predicted to manufacture double digit wages per share growth and superior positions. Focusing on the key brands by advertising and marketing made business grow higher and build brand value and increased brands prices. The case study shows Unilever as a global company according to SOWT analysis after introducing the path to growth strategy the company had really increased its sales and with introducing more number of acquisitions and cutting down the cost of revenues. As the acquisitions like Slimfast, Ben jerry and best foods were rapidly growing their market across the world building a very strong profile and providing customers attractive products and offers. Slim fast has 20%anual growth rate with strong sales and distribution all over the world and also maintained good customer relation. Where Ben jerry was worlds giant ice cream products and yogurt maker with strong brand equity. Bestfoods was USs 10 largest foo d products company with a strong global position. The two key elements of the Unilevers new business strategy was to cut down on the number of brands that were being sold or being marketed by the company, at that time Unilever was operating with as many as 1600 brands and much more products due to this the cut down on the number of products and brands was considered, the 1600 brands that where part of the company were cut down to as many as 400 core brands, the core brands mostly included all the famous and popular brands which are generally very popular among people, this idea came up as to make sure that the products where sold and by doing this it would not be much of a problem for the marketi8ng of these products as most of these brands where already day to day and very famous brands which people would generally prefer buying, which would mean that it would take much less an effort to connect to the people and more over the marketing was also done in such a way that people where able to connect to it very easily, the other key e lement of the unilevers strategy was to remove all the underperforming companies or brands and introduce some other new brands or companies in order to enhance the internal development of the organization and make new acquisitions which would enhance the sales of the company and make it more likable for the people this strategy was designed to increase the sales of the company and get rid of the companies which where not much in demand . Weaknesses according to SWOT analysis showed the company has dual leadership, insufficient management of brands and reduced R D after all this slow performance and small global presence the management has introduced path to growth strategy, which increased the company sales with cutting down it costs and introducing more acquisitions resulted in globalizing the company. As a result there were few expectations to achieve a double digit growth and securing a better position in global market for food and household products by increasing the quality of the product to gain pricing power and attract more customers. But according to the strategy plan the targets which were set was really high that is top line sales growth of 5-6 percent annually, increasing profits, and plan to complete by the end of 2004. If we look and analyze the path to growth strategy we can tell whether the strategy is working or not, we can say that it is working by its success rates and increase in profits and increase in brands and acquisitions that is the consumer preferences have changed due to which the products quality has changed and prices have changed the leading brands sales have increased from 75 percent to 93 percent. Food and personal care industry have increased its profits consistently. Operating assets have also improved by 9 percent. Acquisitions like slim fast, Ben jerry and best foods have gradually improved its growth and established its acquisitions all over the world. But the other side it is completely not yes, Unilever was gaining profits significantly after introducing new strategies but it was losing too yes it reported a net loss of $318M as the competitions was increasing and new brands were coming in to the market and rivals were introducing new strategies to compete Unilever. In th e year 2004 sales grew only by .4 percent leading brands by .9 percent so this proves that Unilever was lagging behind competitors in terms of innovation and advertising. Unilevers lack of advertising and marketing failed to improve sales. The company was small and not globalized. In this case Unilever attracted the new young talented manages to join their company with innovated ideas to increase its company profits by new methods of advertising and marketing. To justify Unilever strategies it maintained dual headquarters and dual chairpersons which reduced effective thinking and slow downed the decision making. Unilever is divided into Unilever Plc and Unilever NV. This made Unilever to focus on the needs of the customers and increase its sales profits in various industries like food, personal case, and household industries all over the world. As customers demand the products which are of the best quality and branded but at the same time convenient, cheap and attractive. The market for household products have been decreased its profits as the numbers of single parents have been increased and the rate of females working out have been increased and the demand for the healthy and high quality food has been increased. The consumers preference of the products such as its look, quality of the product and nutritional values has been increased by providing a strong competition against its giant competitors and private manufactures. This allows Unilever to focus on the need of its customers by increasing its sales. In 2003 Unilever executing its path to growth strategy by increasing its operating margins to over 15percent, but the sales of the leading brands growth as slowdown and raised questions among the investors and retailers that whether company brands could deliver some 5-6 percent of growth in revenues in the next coming years. TASK 3: Unilevers current business Strategies: Ever since the Path to Growth strategy ended in 2005 there has been a 15% increase in the sales and development in the overall progress of Unilever. After the Path to Growth came to an end a new process was developed by Unilever called as the Brand Imprint which helped the marketing teams in understanding how the business could face risks as well as opportunities from the social, economic and environmental issues. In this process each brand was scrutinized by a team looking into various aspects of it such as the direct as well the indirect impacts of the product, it also checked how the brand would go ahead in the future looking at the products possibilities of growth both from a customer and a stakeholders point of view. The outcome of the Brand Imprint is that the process has helped in making important decisions for the company keeping the future in perspective it also developed in addressing social missions, social and environmental issues. The Brand Imprint provided a perfect experience to find some systematic and measurable ways to explore different brands and improve the brands by addressing social issues, helping people the product well and reducing the environmental issues. When the S.W.O.T analysis was done on the Path to Growth strategy many different aspects of the strategy where scrutinized using the SWOT analysis in which it dealt with many aspects such as the strength, weakness, opportunities and the threats that are being faced. After the analysis it came out that it had been very useful to determine the various aspects attached to it. Unilever for years had been a slow developing company, though the company had the right infrastructure and the capital but it couldnt utilize it properly that was basically the reason why the path to growth and various other strategies where starting to come up to help the company to increase the sales of the products and improve the business. Path to growth played a major part in the development of the company. The Path to Growth strategy did prove to be quite a useful thing considering the fact that during this period almost all of the unsuccessful brands where removed or replaced and the brands which where trusted and kept managed to increase the sales by 75% to 93%. Unilevers growth was considerably slow during this phase because the company was at that stage making very drastic changes and for these changes to come up and make a difference was something unexpected but the companys growth was obvious in certain fields thanks to the new strategies that had come in to improve the sales of the company so as to improve the business of the company. It was due to the fact that the company probably took way too much time u started and implement its plans that it caused the success to be not as higher as expected. Many business analysts and commentators felt that most of the strategies of the path to growth where working fine but there was always a speculation that what ever progress was talking place was happening too slow considering the competition the market was in with at that time, it was also felt that as the basic functionality of the business was spread among way too many people made the management way to complex and it would have been better off if it was simpler. It did work out fine when it came to the advertising of the product and getting it known to the people as it was more public oriented and it used the sources to the full extent to connect to the people. It did experience a drastic growth during that period as the analysis had proved that the company had the highest growth percentage as compared to any other company during that period it did bring in high profits to the company but looking at the whole picture it did prove to be a huge loss for the company considering the fa ct that they faced a countable loss in the revenue margin and that proved to be the difference, though it did have the right amount of sales and customers due to the slowness of there analysis to sort out and remove or replace the stuff did make a difference to analysis in the larger picture. But the company did grow during that time which might as well have effected the revenue cause many new store where started and large number of employees where starting to be employed on a full time basis. It did do quite well on the international market as well. By looking at the way the company had grown during this stage is quite remarkable many business analysts and commentators had felt that they probably had the right scheme of action because during that time they where handling 1600 brands and which was way too much and among those were quit few brands which hardly made any diff to the company so then the whole idea of brands cut based on the market outlook and sales reports was looked into to classify as to which of the products or brands where fast selling and which had the scope to sell more. It was that idea to cut down on the number of brands and start promoting only few brands which where much easier to be marketed and which where more likable by the people by which it would increase the sales and also make the marketing of these products easier cause when you are promoting bigger brands which are often very well known to public would mean that u don have to spend much on the marketing. Did the company experience growth during this period? Yes, would be the right thing to say voiding the minor things which might effect the outcome but it did see the light of success though slowly and there process and ideas where starting to get implemented in a better way and in a more successful way to deal with the growth of the company, the process of cutting down on the under selling companies was probably the decision that started to turn the tide for the company as it was when the losses where starting to be covered and it was more like a store where the fast selling stuff was found. Unilevers Path to Growth had probably the right ideas to take the company to the highest position with its aims and objectives on the right part but probably it was at the implementation of the whole strategy that could have probably caused the difference in this strategy from just a successful strategy to a very successful state The strategy had the right plans to study the whole products and the brands which where being sold and come up with whole list of brands that where actually more likely to be sold quickly and frequently and those which where not that much preferred, it does take in a lot of effort to recognize what is selling and what people like the most as you have to be cautious that u don get any of the products that is more frequently sold off the shelf. By early 2005 there was a need for a new business strategy and a new strategy which was more active and a top down approach to managing a companys brand profile was introduced for Unilever to support this growth strategy. But the growth to strategy at the starting point was precise, tough compared to the companys profile. On the whole Unilever did manage to grow very well in the market during this period and it was for its strategies and policies and the work put into it that the whole thing was done successfully. TASK 4: Academic theories: The word diversification means a strategy for a company for its market growth. To look forward to increase its profits by increasing the sales of the products. There are four main strategic alternatives emphasizing how each strategy might change companies competitive capabilities they are Market penetration, product development, market development and diversification. ? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diversification_(marketing_strategy) Basically the four main strategic alternatives deal with the markets and the products which are based on the present position of demand and supply of the market and the position of the products. Market penetration, it is nothing but the way by which a products sales can be determined, consider there is a particular product which is generally used by everyone and is almost the same for everyone then in that case the penetration of that particular product will be deeper as its demand is much higher than other products, it can simply be told that the deeper the penetration the greater the product sales, by using the market penetration technique we can determine as to which product is currently more sort after and which one has the highest demand by doing this it will effect the business cause the demand for that product will be much higher. By using the market penetration we can come up with new marketing techniques as to increase sales of a product which is not much in demand or gain more profit on products which are in higher demand, for example lets consider a product which has not been off the shelf due to competition from other products in this case if we do the market pen etration we would know the reasons as to why the product has not been sold. Based on this if the reason for that is if the product is expensive then we can look into the market penetration and decide to cut down the price so as to match that of its competitors. There are many growth expectations, risks, profit margins in food and house hold industry which is composed of many sectors and sub sectors by challenging the change of customers preferences with challenging rival firms to gain market shares. Then with competitive achievement by creating attractive products through acquisitions and with capability of growing sales of the brands which existed and improve margins. For all this the many key to success was advertising the products. By improving the profits of the company not only included shifting sales of the products but also boosting efficiency and unit costs. Market position can also help you determine as to which products need to be stocked up the most and how these are to be managed and depending on the demand we can decide as to what can be done to increase the publicity or marketing of that particular product. Product development, it is nothing but the way at which any particular product has improved its sales or how a product has worked out is called as the product development, the product development is generally used to determine as to which product id leading at the moment so as to utilize more of it to increase the sales , in the product development if any particular product is higher in demand due to its development it can be helpful in increasing the sales of that product but where as simultaneously if there is any product which is least popular we can make efforts using this to know as to what would be the reason behind the product not being to the sales expectations. Market development, the market development strategy is nothing but a way by which we can develop our business and increase the sale of the products, it is the process of getting new customers, new products and new business to the company by making new promotions so as to increase the sales of the products and to increase new customers, market development in simple terms can be called as the process by which we wish to develop the business by getting in new customers and getting some new products to our already existing customers is the market development. The market development strategy generally deals with the non-customers who dont often come in to shop, with this market development we manage to attract the people to now come into the store and improve our business. Diversification, it is nothing but the spreading of the investments among the company in order to increase the business, diversification is a means of way by which the market penetration can be improved, in the diversification looking at the market conditions the company invests in various fields so as to make the product develop by which the product will get more penetration, if the product gets more penetration that means it will increase the business to the company. On the whole diversification is a corporate technology by using which they generally tend to woo the customers to make the decision and increase the market penetration. All the four strategies have there own importance in improving the business the market penetration is the basic thing which helps the company in building up a product which would become a money spinner for companies, the market penetration process helps in finding the right product that is in demand and the right ways by which a normal product can be in creased is called market penetration. Similarly, product development is a way by which we can determine as to what is the actual position of a particular product in the market and so as to what needs to be done for the development of that product is called as the product development. Market development is similar to product development in which we check as to what needs to be done so as to improve the sales and customers in the company. While diversification is probably the main source that holds all of these together, by using the diversification a product can be made to increase its market penetration, diversification involves the spreading of investments among the various other aspects in business so as to improve and let other products grow so as to improve the market penetration. Diversification is something which holds all the four alternative strategies together and diversification is more like an influencing factor on these for the products to be judged in the market and vi ce versa. Unilever in order to improve the sales has few strategies which are influenced by the strategic alternatives, in the unilevers method to increase the growth the number of brands that where being promoted or sold had to be cut down from 1600 to just 400 core brands which could be done with the help of the market penetration, by using the market penetration and looking at the market penetration of the various brands in the company it would help out in which brands had the highest penetration in the market and which had the least penetration in the market, so that the brands with the least penetration where removed from the company. Market penetration makes the whole task of choosing the brands which had to stay and the brands which where to be removed by having a look at the brands penetration. Similarly in the aspect of divesting the underperforming companies the strategic alternative comes into play where the product development is taken into consideration, in this a if a particular product or brand is not having a high market penetration then it is said that it is looked after to see the product development of the product so as to check if the product would help in the internal development of the company. The overall picture was of business strengths and weaknesses too much wastage of money and many better opportunities to align resources behind building the brand profile for the future. However the food products were also globalized with slower growing market. Unilevers expectations were to achieve double digit growth and secure a better position in the global market by building a brand value with increase in sales by diversifying that is creating more number of acquisitions across the world and making the products which are local in a market globally according to the change of customer preference. And making the company with dual chairperson and dual headquarters this made Unilever a more successful in the competitive industry while it is easy to manage the company and make decisions very quickly and effectively. Changing customer preferences that is according to the four business strategies product development need to be modified or a new product need to invented it is better to ch ange and improve the quality of a product which is already existing rather than inventing a new product. As the number of women working out has increased gradually and single parents have increased and heir became a decrease in household products and rapid consolidation among retailers has made food industry miserable. Whether the theory is supported by practice: Yes the theory of these strategic alternatives is very much accepted and supported by practice, all the four strategic alternatives that ate used for the companys capabilities are generally accepted and supported by practice, it is very well known that the four strategic alternatives are market penetration, product development, market development and diversification. These are the four strategic alternatives which are generally supported by practice because when implementing the actual strategies of unilever these alternative strategies do come into being used and help in the successful implementation of those ideas. The, market penetration, product development, market development and diversification are the generally used ways of judging a product and its current performance and in requirements in the market, these help in judging and making various promotions to these products. Probably among all the four strategic alternatives the market penetration is the one which is more frequently come across as it basically deals with finding the products which currently have the highest sales and vice versa it is very well known that for any product deeper the penetration higher the demand for the product so this strategy is almost applied regularly. References https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unilever https://www.planware.org/strategicplan.htm https://finance.aol.com/company/unilever-plc-amer/ul/nys/top-competitors https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis https://extension.psu.edu/NWRegion/comm/marketfactors.htm Crafting and Executing Strategy By Jr. Thompson, Arthur A, A. J. Strickland, III, A. J. Strickland III, John E Gamble https://books.google.com/books?id=D35W13gPIpACpg=PP1dq=Crafting+and+Executing+Strategyei=oddsSpuSK5iwMteE-IACclient=firefox-a

Wednesday, July 1, 2020

Annotated Bibliography Germanys Hyperinflation 1919-1923 - 275 Words

Annotated Bibliography: Germanys Hyperinflation 1919-1923 (Research Paper Sample) Content: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY: GERMANYS HYPERINFLATION 1919-1923 Name Institution Date Introduction Germanys hyperinflation (1919-1923) was a period of uncontrollable inflation of the Germany currency following the countrys efforts to pay reparation costs imposed by the Allies during the Treaty of Versailles. Given that its economy was in shambles having plundered much of its resources to finance the war, the Weimar government resorted to printing paper money, which it used to buy foreign currency to pay the reparation debt. As a result, the oversupply of bank notes against scarcity of commodities rendered the currency worthless, culminating in the hyperinflation crisis. This paper provides an annotated bibliography of published literature examining the causes and consequences of Germanys hyperinflation. Balderston, Theo. Economics and Politics in the Weimar Republic. London: Cambridge University Press, 2002. This source views the hyperinflation as part of the Allies continued cold war efforts against the Weimar republic, for the purpose of weakening Germany economically and prevents it from waging a retaliatory war. This source is useful for the research as it provides a broad perspective for understanding the external forces that fueled inflation. Evans, Richard. The Coming of the Third Reich. Penguin Press, 2003. This source pins Germanys hyperinflation on its inability to male reparations payments without crippling its economy. In particular, it exposes the lack of economic wisdom on the part of the Weimar Republic leaders, who sanctioned the printing of money without the economic resources to support currency circulation. This source will inform the research by explaining how the seizure of Germanys coals resources by the French worsened the inflation crisis. Ferguson, Adam. When Money Dies: The Nightmare of the Weimar Collapse. London: William Kimber, 1975. This source is useful as a starting point in understanding the genesis of Germanys economic trouble. It recounts efforts of the Weimar republic to finance the war by borrowing, and later to repay the debt through mass printing of paper money. In this regard, it explains the hyperinflation as a consequence of poor political and economic decisions. Hitler, Adolf. Mein Kampf. Germany: Om Books International, 2000. This is an autobiographical work that details Adolf Hitlers exploitation of the economic crisis to rise into power. This source is useful for the research as it highlights the political consequence of the hyperinflation, specifically providing the Nazis with the propaganda to attack the Weimar Republic. Jung, Alexander. Millions, Billions, Trillions: Germany in the Era of Hyperinflation. Spiegel Online. 2009. /international/germany/millions-billions-trillions-germany-in-the-era-of-hyperinflation-a-641758.html Jung Alexander provides firsthand information about the degeneration of the Germany economy. The author recounts the tales of the Spanish reporter Eugeni Xammar, who was dispatched to Berlin by the Barcelona daily La Veu de Catalunya to cover the countrys economic crisis. This source captures the reality of the time by noting how prices changed every day, and people lived in constant fear. This fear could play into the hands of the Nazis who blamed the Weimar republic for the hyperinflation. In this regard, this source provides a good context for understanding the political consequences of the economic crisis. McBligott, Anthony. Rethinking the Weimar Republic: Authority and Authoritarianism, 1916-1936. Ireland: AC Black, 2013. This source takes a different perspective by viewing the Germany hyperinflation as a consequence of external forces. It quotes the British economist John Keynes who viewed the inflation as a result of the Allies scheme to squeeze Germany until one could hear the pips squeak (McBligott 72). In this light, it considers Germany a victim of unfair reparations terms that imposed an unaffordable financial burden on her. Randall, Cumming. Germany's Hyperinflation-phobia. The Economist. Nov 15, 2013. /blogs/freeexchange/2013/11/economic-history-1 This source provides insights into the impact that the hyperinflation crisis had on Germanys economic policies. It provides a historical perspective for understanding how Germany made the crisis a learning lesson that informs its economic policies today, such as its fear of letting inflation get out of hand. Shapiro, Max. The penniless billionaires. New York: Times Books, 1980. This source views the inflation as an unstoppable event set in motion by the Weimar Republic. The author argues that the decision to print paper money to buy foreign currency created a situation whereby the Germany mark gradually lost its value in the international markets, necessitating the need to print more marks- and the more the marks were printed, the more worthless they becameuntil it required over 4 trillion marks to exchange for a dollar, compared to just 4 marks before the war. Storer, Colin. A Short History of the Weimar Republic. London: SAGE, 2015. Storer advances the argument presented by McBliggot by portraying Germanys woes as a result of uncontro...

Tuesday, May 19, 2020

Incarceration Of The United States - 908 Words

When the term corrections is mentioned, the thought of incarceration is the first to come to mind. This is the case for as of the end of 2013, there were 1,574,700 people serving time in state and federal penitentiaries (Carson, 2014, p.1). This alarming number gives reason for the need of alternatives to incarceration. Avoiding imprisonment does not translate to a lenient punitive sentence for the alternatives can just as easily repair harms to the victims, provide benefits to the community, treat the drug addicted, and rehabilitate offenders (FAMM, 2013, p.1). The use of programs that offer an alternative to incarceration can reduce the amount of people in the prison system that is living on taxpayers’ dollars. The enlistment in the military is a viable option as an alternative to incarceration. The goal of rehabilitation is a change in the behavior of the convict and the enlistment of said individual offers just that in more ways than one. The sociology theory of the life c ourse roughly translates to that over a course of life, one abandons its old ways of life in order to adopt to a new way of life or a social structure (Shepard, 2013, p.95). In total institutions, where one is completely removed from society such as military boot camps or prisons, the individual’s self-concept begins to facture by the replacement of their personal identities with concepts of shared identities such as wearing uniforms or the use of serial numbers instead of names. Once the self-conceptShow MoreRelatedThe Incarceration Of The United States1519 Words   |  7 Pagesin recent decades, violent crimes in the United States of America have been on a steady decline, however, the number of people in the United States under some form of correctional control is reaching towering heights and reaching record proportions. In the last thirty years, the incarceration rates in the United States has skyrocketed; the numbers roughly quadrupled from around five hundred thousand to more than 2 million people. (NAACP)In a speech on criminal justice at Columbia University, HillaryRead MoreThe Incarceration Of The United States980 Words   |  4 PagesHave you ever questioned about the justice in the United States? Stevenson states that, â€Å"Today we have the highest rate of incarceration in the world. The prison population has increased from 300,000 people in the early 1970s to 2.3 million people today† (15). United States is a modern country that doesn’t serve justice to her citizen? 2.3 million prisoners are just embarrassing the whole country. You might want to know how bad the justice system is and how the heck cause 2.3 million prisoners toRead MoreIncarceration Of The United States Essay2335 Words   |  10 PagesEven though the United States makes up just 5% of the world’s population, it houses 25% of the world’s prison population† (Walmsley, 2009). The United States prides itself in being a worldwide leader in j ust about every category; however, being the world leader in incarceration rights might not be something the United States would be proud about. Incarceration rates in the United States have grown at alarming rates in the past forty years specifically and it has resulted in major overcrowding issuesRead MoreThe Incarceration Of The United States979 Words   |  4 PagesHave you ever question about the justice in the United States? Stevenson states that, â€Å"Today we have the highest rate of incarceration in the world. The prison population has increased from 300,000 people in the early 1970s to 2.3 million people today† (15). Is United States is a modern country that doesn’t serve justice to her citizen? 2.3 million of prisoners are just embarrassing the whole country. You might want to know how bad the justice system is and how the heck cause 2.3 million prisonersRead MoreIncarceration Of The United States1113 Words   |  5 Pages The United States of America has more people incarcerated than any other country on earth, a whopping 2,220,300 adults are currently locked behind bars. We have 500,000 more citizens locked up than China, a country 5 times our population run by an authoritarian government. From 1990 - 2000 the prison population increased by 1,000,000. The main reason for incarceration as a punishment in this country is rehabilitation, or so we have been told. In recent years an industry has developed that revolvesRead MoreThe Incarceration Of The United States1044 Words   |  5 PagesOverview The United States has the highest prison population in the world, with over two million incarcerated (World Prison Brief, 2016), of whom many are juveniles. It is well documented that youths who enter this system are more likely to suffer a host of negative health and lifestyle outcomes, such as alcohol/drug abuse, high school dropout, and mental health problems. Such phenomena occur in stark contrast with the aims of the US juvenile justice system, which supposedly intends to help offendingRead MoreIncarceration Of The United States1957 Words   |  8 Pages Incarceration has been a pending issue amongst western civilization’s history for some time and today continues to raise a wide range of important questions. Incarceration of individuals have become a tremendous tax payer concern along with the incarceration of the drug war, convictions of street gangs, and the rest of the individuals who have broken the law and harmed other innocent individuals. However, the question is always a concern of men incarceration and hardly addressed of women beingRead MoreIncarceration Of The United States3014 Words   |  13 PagesThe United States of America is phrased by many, as being â€Å"the land of the free.† Yet, the Unites States currently has the highest per capita prison population than any other country. The United States makes up only 5% of the world’s population and of that 5%, 25% of our overall nation’s population is currently incarcerated. A few factors that attribute to our high rates of incarceration incl ude, sentencing laws: such as mandatory- minimum sentencing, lack of initial deterrence from crime, the warRead MoreThe Incarceration Of The United States2529 Words   |  11 PagesSince 2002, The United States has had the highest incarceration rate in the world, and many of those imprisoned within the U.S. will be released and rearrested within three years (Langan Levin, 2002). Unfortunately, research has been mixed shown that the time spent in prison does not successfully rehabilitate most inmates, and the majority of criminals return to a life of crime almost immediately. Most experts believe that many prisoners will learn more and better ways to commit crimes while theyRead MoreIncarceration Of The United States1745 Words   |  7 PagesThere are over two million people in the United States behind bars. Incarceration in the US is one of the main forms of punishment that leads nothing after for people when getting out. Every state, city, country, all have laws we citizens obey and go by to do best for our country, but what happens someone violates the law? According to Google’s definition of a felony, it says that felony means, â€Å"a crime, typically one involving violence, regarded as more serious than a misdemeanor, and usually punishable

Is Forgiving Student Loan Debt A Good Idea - 972 Words

Analysis of Is Forgiving Student Loan Debt a Good Idea Many people would love to have their student loans debt forgive but do not believe it will happen. So Kayla Webley decided to write an article about student loan forgiveness, at the time Webley wrote the article she was the education correspondent for Time magazine. Now she is currently a staff writer for the same magazine. In her article, she claims that the student loan dilemma that is facing a lot of Americans is a problem for your country and needs to be addressed, but the current idea for solutions is not feasible and new ideas need to be raised. In her article, she argues against solutions people have put forward and also counter argue the claims they make in their solutions. When talking about student loan forgiveness many arguments can be made and, Webley acknowledges a few of them in her article. She argues that the proposal that Robert Applebaum made about the one-time bailout, that it may come across as a very exp ensive proposition, but it has been done before in your country history, when the government bailout out the banks and automakers, so why not a college graduate. She also, argues that most borrowers can not afford to pay off their student loans and the ones that can do not feel like handing the money over every month. With that being said, she believes that everyone would take the bailout if it was offered to them. Webley as argues that the current model on how higher education in the UnitedShow MoreRelatedIs Forgiving Student Loan Debt A Good Idea?1009 Words   |  5 Pagesnew media, Kayla Webley, in her essay â€Å"Is Forgiving Student Loan Debt a Good Idea?† states Robert Applebaum’s solution for student loan debt is a â€Å"radical and wildly unfeasible solution† in both economically and politically. Applebaum’s proposal is to â€Å"provide a one-time bailout of student debt†¦as a way to stimulate the still-limping economy.† However, W ebley counters the solution has to have â€Å"the purported benefited and fairness of a one-time student loan bailout.† In Webley’s essay, in the sixthRead MoreIs Forgiving Student Loan Debt A Good Idea?1227 Words   |  5 Pagesnew media, Kayla Webley, in her essay â€Å"Is Forgiving Student Loan Debt a Good Idea?† states Robert Applebaum’s solution for student loan debt is a â€Å"radical and wildly unfeasible solution both economically and politically. Applebaum’s proposal is to â€Å"provide a one-time bailout of student debt†¦as a way to stimulate the still-limping economy.† However, Webley counters that the solution has to have â€Å"the purported benefited and fairness of a one-time student loan bailout.† In Webley’s essay, in the sixthRead MoreIs Forgiving Student Loan Debt A Good Idea?970 Words   |  4 PagesMONEY In the article â€Å"Is forgiving student loan debt a good idea† by Kayla Webley, a writer for Time, Webley feels that from a human standpoint forgiving student debt holds some appeal (2). Kayla Webley refers to Robert Applebaum who started a petition in 2009 with a petition of nearly 670,000 signatures. The comments from persons posting the petition are quoted as â€Å"guessing this will never happen but it can’t hurt to sign on† (1). Burdened with an estimated $88,000 in debt, Applebaum’s proposal isRead MoreForgiving Student Loan Debt Essay examples822 Words   |  4 Pagesamount of student loan debt have an effect on the economy? If so would forgiving student loan debt help lower the national debt or would it just increase it? According to Mary Claire Fischer, a writer for Kiplinger’s Personal Finance magazine, â€Å"two-thirds of students who receive bachelor’s degrees leave college with debt in tow† (Fischer). Among these studen ts, the average amount owed is twenty-six thousand dollars (Fischer). There is a six month grace period after graduation to allow the student timeRead MoreStudent Loan Is A Terrible Idea1308 Words   |  6 PagesStudent loan forgiveness is a terrible idea. Sure, in an idealistic world it would be great if the country could forgive all student loan debt and thus bring relief to all students across the nation. Realistic? Not necessarily! Instead of the fairytale notion of student loan forgiveness being the answer to all the problems, America would fair better in taking the initiative in making reforms to the educational loan system that are a bit more realistic. Student loans are a massive predicament in theRead MoreEssay on Student Loan Debt Should be Forgiven1256 Words   |  6 PagesDoes the amount of student loan debt have an effect on the economy? If so would forgiving student loan debt help lower the national debt or would it just increase it? According to Mary Claire Fischer , a writer for Kiplinger’s Personal Finance magazine, â€Å"two-thirds of students who receive bachelor’s degrees leave college with an average debt of twenty-six thousand dollars† (Fischer). This means that the average student debt has doubled since 2007 (Ross 24). The total student loan debt is $1.2 trillionRead MoreStudent Loan Loans Should Not Be Forgiven938 Words   |  4 Pages Should student loan borrowers be forgiven for their debt? The cumulative total of student loan borrowing has already reached $1 trillion dollars already make up more than half of what Barack Obama is pushing to cap the amount any borrower must pay back and forgive outstanding debt after 20 years, even so calling to forgive some or all of the debt that is escalating. Robert Applebaum, the Author behind the Student Loan Forgiveness Act, believes that student loan should be forgiven to highlight anRead MoreIn The Short Essay, â€Å"Is Forgiving Student Loan Debt A Good807 Words   |  4 PagesIn the short essay, â€Å"Is Forgiving Student Loan Debt a Good Idea?† by Kaya Webley, she illustrates through validations that student debt is a problem, but Applebaum’s proposal brings about political and economic problems. One of her validations is that most people can afford their student loans. She also states that only a small handful of graduates leave school with an unbeara ble student debt. Webley touches upon programs that are already in place to help pay off college debt. Another one of her validationsRead MoreShould Student Loan Debt Be Forgiven?1344 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Student Loan Debt: Should We Forgive? EN1123 Most Americans would agree that higher education is important. Compared to years ago, when a high school education was acceptable in most jobs, a college degree is now required in the majority of positions. But what if you can’t afford to get a degree? What then? For many, student loans are the only way to finance one’s education. Paying out of pocket simply isn’t a reality for most, so they rely on state and national government to provide them theRead MoreStudent Loan Debt Has Become A National Problem With No Solution2311 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction: According to CNN, â€Å"Almost 19% of student loan borrowers owe more than $50,000.Only 6% of borrowers had that much in 2001.† (Gillispe, 1). Why has student loan debt increased so much? Student Loan debt has become a national problem with no solution. Many students are borrowing more money to keep up with the rising cost of tuition in universities, leaving themselves with thousands of debt after graduation. Students after gaining this debt, have to find jobs to support it which can come

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Caddbory Chocolates Company Target Strategy - 1536 Words

Caddbory Chocolates, a company that launched the first store in Melbourne in 2007, is a premier chocolate maker, marketer and Retailer of specialty chocolates around world. By 2016 Caddbory Chocolates has about 22 stores in Melbourne and more than 100 to all over Australia. Their product mix the finest cocoa beans at prices that the customers believe that represent value and price. Industry Overview and Analysis: Caddbory Chocolates primarily operates and competes in the retail gourmet chocolates and hot drinks store industry. This industry experienced a major slowdown in 2009 due to the economic crisis and changing consumer tastes. Before this, the industry had a decade of growth consistent. Even though to the economic slump and†¦show more content†¦In this question we saw how to use industry and competitive analysis to assess the attractiveness of a company s external environment. In this chapter, we discuss how to evaluate a particular company s strategic situation in that environment. Company situation analysis centres on five questions: 1. How well is the present strategy working? 2. What are the company s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats? 3. Is the company competitive on cost? 4. How strong is the company s competitive position? 5. What strategic issues does the company face? To explore these questions, strategists use three analytical techniques: SWOT analysis, strategic cost analysis, and competitive strength assessment. These tools are widely used in strategic analysis because they indicate how strongly a company holds its industry position and whether the present strategy is capable of boosting long-term performance. †¢ HOW WELL IS THE PRESENT STRATEGY WORKING? To evaluate how well a company s present strategy is working, one needs to start with what the strategy is. The first thing to understand is the company s competitive approach-whether it is striving for low-cost leadership, trying to differentiate itself from rivals, or focusing narrowly on specific customer groups and market niches. Another important consideration is the firm s competitive scope within the industry-its degree of vertical integration and geographic market coverage. The company s functional area support

Describe investment terms that are important to mutual fund buyers Essay

Essays on Describe investment terms that are important to mutual fund buyers Essay Describe Investment Terms that are Important to Mutual Fund Buyers Affiliation with more informationabout affiliation, research grants, conflict of interest and how to contact. Describe Investment Terms that are Important to Mutual Fund Buyers. This paper discusses the investment in mutual funds along with a discussion on the case study. Mutual funds are a type of new investment opportunities available to investors today. Mutual fund investments are gaining a growing demand these days because of its cautious nature in which money is handled in the mutual fund markets. â€Å"The single most important benefit of mutual funds is the fact they are a bundle or portfolio of stocks† (Buying Mutual Funds: Part 1, 2004, para 3). Some of the important terms associated with mutual fund investments are 12b-1 fee, annual return, beta value, capital gains, dividends, closed end funds and net asset value (NAV) etc. Investigating the case of the Garners that has been provided for case study, it is understood that both Joe and Mary Garner had not made any investment plan. The lack of any investment plan has affected the savings of the Garners and they are facing a fund tight condition even to go for a vacation, which they had been planning from a short time. The options available for Garners to invest are either in the stock market or in the mutual funds market. Both the stock markets as well as the mutual fund market have advantages and disadvantages. Both the markets have associated risks as well as high returns but the risk in mutual fund market is comparatively very less than the stock market. Therefore it is advised to the Garners family to invest in mutual fund market rather than the stock market. The Garners did not recognize lack of an investment plan as a cause of their financial meltdown until recently. â€Å"Mutual funds and stock market investments are probably the most attractive investment options as they have the potential to yield high rate of returns† (Candid, 2011, para. 1). The total monthly income, which enters the Garner household, is $ 4520. Their monthly expenses were also calculated. In their monthly expense account $ 1385 was a fixed expense, which would be incurred in all the months while $ 920 was a variable expense, which varied from month to month. Therefore, the saving was $ (4520 – 1385 – 920) = $ 2215. Since the month expense of $ 920 was a variable expense, therefore an approximate value of $ 2000 can be invested by the Garners as a part of their investment plan. The best possible option for them since they are very cautious investors is to invest in mutual funds. â€Å"Mutual funds are a lucrative investment, ensure higher returns, better tax benefits and carry minimalist risk† (Why Mutual Funds are Better than Fixed Deposits, 2011, para. 1). Mutual funds offer fixed maturity plans, which are far better than the fixed deposits offered by the banks. Fixed maturity periods could range from 1 year to several years and one of the most important factors is that fixed maturity plans are not invested in equity market. Debt and money market comprises the fixed maturity plans. Only the fluctuation in the NAV needs to be considered in the mutual fund market. Another important benefit is that mutual funds’ fixed maturity plans do not have any taxation condition in comparison t o the fixed deposits in bank, where interests on bank deposits are taxable. The Garner family can put $ 2000 in the fixed maturity plans of the mutual fund scheme in order to increase and develop their investment plans. Reference List Buying Mutual Funds: Part 1, (2004). Money-Zine.com. Retrieved on 25, Dec. 2011. http://www.money-zine.com/Investing/Mutual-Funds/Buying-Mutual-Funds-Part-I/ Candid, S. (2011). Investment Basics: Mutual Funds vs. Stock Market Investments. Hub Pages. Retrieved on 25, Dec. 2011. http://sidcandid.hubpages.com/hub/Investment-Basics-Mutual-Funds-vs-Stock-Market-Investments Why Mutual Funds are Better than Fixed Deposits, (2011). IBNlive.com. Retrieved on 25, Dec. 2011. http://ibnlive.in.com/news/why-mutual-funds-are-better-than-fixed-deposits/45407-16.html

Case Study Environmental Management for Sustainable Development

Question: Case Study on "Environmental Management for Sustainable Development". Answer: Task 1: Understanding the organizational purpose of business 1.0 Introduction The organization chosen in this assignment is Crocodile Garments, which is a Hong-Kong based organization. The organization was founded in the year 1952 and since then, the company is offering quality garment products to its targeted consumers (Crocodile.com 2016). The company has selected the child and female population as their target market. The company operates within the domestic market and apart from that, the company has also targeted international markets by expanding the business activities in Singapore, Japan and Malaysia. 1.1 Identifying the purpose of different types of business There are mainly three types of business organizations in the world of business. These types are sole proprietorship business, partnership business and private and public limited business. In case of the sole proprietorship business, the business is single aim and that is increasing the income level of the owner or proprietor. This type of business is generally of small size and has limited number of stakeholders. On the other side, partnership businesses are those businesses, which are formed by a group of people because of the partnership deal. In the partnership business, every partner has equal responsibility and rights (Kelly and Ashwin 2013). There are mainly two types of partnership business limited partnership and limited liability partnership. In the limited partnership business, the partners, who are the general partners, are liable for all debts in the business (Kelly and Ashwin 2013). On the other side, the limited partners in the limited liability partnership are liable only for the amount that they have invested at the initial point of the business. The main purpose of this business is to enhance the profit percentage of the partners and minimizing the liability of them (Hurt 2015). On the other side, public limited companies are those, which are properly registered under the specific act of the country and issues shares to the public (Garbarski 2015). The shares of the public limited companies are publically traded in the market. For example, the shares of the public limited company in London are traded through London Stock Exchange. However, in case of the private limited companies, the shares are not sold in t he stock markets like, London Stock Exchange or New York Stock Exchange. However, in any kind of limited company whether it is private limited or public limited, the responsibilities of the shareholders towards the financial liability of the company are limited to the value of the shares owned by the shareholders (Hannigan 2015). The primary aim of a public limited company is to enhance the shareholders value, whereas the primary aim of a private limited company is profit maximization (Gov.uk 2016). Apart from that, these companies need to comply with the environmental policies in order to attract the stakeholders especially the investors towards the business model. Additionally, there are different industries operating in the global market for establishing efficient business activities. Every industry conducts social responsibilities in a different manner. It depends on which business activities the organization is performing. The vision of Crocodile Garments is to deliver quality products to the consumers for building a reputation in global market. The purpose of this organization is to meet the increasing needs and demands of global consumers and apart from that, the company is aimed to comply with the environmental policies of different countries in order to maintain business sustainability (Crocodile.com 2016). The most important factor, which the organization wants to achieve, is to build a healthy brand image in global market. 1.2 Approach of the organization for meeting objectives of different stakeholders There are different internal and external stakeholders of Crocodile Garments including consumers, investors, social community and suppliers. In order to conduct sustainable business, the company performs different activities in order to satisfy the stakeholders. The expectation and demands of the stakeholders are different and therefore, it is necessary for the company to identify and fulfill demands of every possible stakeholder. In this manner, it will be easy for the company to maintain business sustainability. Therefore, Crocodile Garments conduct different sustainable activities for addressing demands of these stakeholders. Following is the activities performed by Crocodile Garments for fulfilling expectations of the stakeholders. Consumers: Consumers are the external stakeholders for the organizations and apart from that, consumers are the most important stakeholders and every organization aims to fulfill demands of the consumers. Nowadays, consumers are more attracted towards eco-friendly products rather than the products, which harm environmental quality (Basgze and Tektas 2012). The needs and demands of the consumers are rapidly changing and on the other hand, the demand of the consumers is to avail high quality products at a reasonable price. In order to meet this expectation of consumers, Crocodile Garments is conducting an efficient market research for understanding the requirements of the consumers (Crocodile.com 2016). In this manner, the company can improve the product quality with the changing demand of the consumers. Therefore, it can be said that the approach of Crocodile Garments for fulfilling the demand of the consumers is efficient. Investors: The demand of the investors is to increase profitability from the growth of the company. Most of the business organizations focus on the sustainability report in order to influence the investors. Similarly, Crocodile Garments has taken a proactive approach for conducting different types of social activities for attracting the investors towards the company. Apart from that, the company has adopted an efficient business model in which the investors can be assured in terms of profitability. The company needs to share the business model with the stakeholders through their annual report (Alexandru and Ioan 2013, p.1436). In order to increase organizational profitability, the company is continuously improving the product quality and range for products in order to satisfy the needs of the investors. Social Community: It is the ethical responsibility of any organization to perform such activities, which helps the social community to improve their life-style. Performing activities for the social community helps an organization to build a healthy brand image, which actually helps an organization to maintain business sustainability. In case of Crocodile Garments, the company is performing many social activities such as charity in order to comply with the environmental policies. The company is also concentrating on the 3R that means Reduce, Reuse and Recycling of the products in order to improve the quality of the natural environment and influence the people to conserve the natural environment (Crocodile.com 2016). Suppliers: The demand of the suppliers is to maintain transparency in terms of business activities. In this manner, the company will be able to maintain long-term relationships with the suppliers, which is helpful for maintaining business sustainability. In order to meet objectives of the suppliers, Crocodile Garments has established a healthy relationship with the suppliers in terms of monitory transaction and other business activities. 1.3 Explaining the responsibilities of the organization along with the employed strategies for performing them An organization has huge responsibilities towards the stakeholders. Therefore, different organizations employ different strategies for fulfilling the responsibilities in accordance with the needs and demands of different stakeholders. As mentioned earlier, the major stakeholders of Crocodile Garments are consumers, investors, social community and suppliers. It is the sole responsibility of the organization to fulfill demands of every stakeholder for maintaining business sustainability. For instance, Crocodile Garments needs to improve the product quality in order to satisfy the consumers, which is a responsibility of the company towards the consumers. Apart from that, the company needs to deliver relevant information to the consumers in order to conduct ethical business. On the other hand, investors should have adequate knowledge regarding the business activities of the company. Therefore, Crocodile Garments is solely responsible for maintaining transparency with the investors as wel l. The responsibility towards the social community is to maintain the environmental quality (Garbarski 2015, p.107). In case of the suppliers, the organization is committed to conduct ethical business practices. Following are the strategies of Crocodile Garments for fulfilling responsibilities towards the above-mentioned stakeholders. Consumers: In order to fulfill the responsibilities towards the consumers, Crocodile Garments has developed an effective communication model, which helps the company to evaluate the needs and requirements of consumers. In this manner, consumers can share their needs and wants with the company and apart from that, consumers can provide their positive and negative feedbacks to the specific representative. Therefore, it can be said that the strategy of Crocodile Garments is to get in touch with the consumers for improving the product quality continuously. Investors: Investors need to know about the entire financial background of the organization at a random basis. The strategy adopted by Crocodile Garment for fulfilling this particular requirement is to publish organizational information to their annual report (Crocodile.com 2016). While publishing the organizational information such as cash flow and profitability along with expected profitability, the company is maintaining transparency. Moreover, the information provided by the organization is not manipulative in nature. Social Community: In order to meet the responsibility towards the social community, the company has taken a proactive approach for taking part in charitable activities. The company has conducted many fund collection activities for the rural population of the community they serve (Crocodile.com 2016). Moreover, the company conducts different social campaigns in which the company provides clothes to the poor people of the operating target market. Suppliers: The organization is responsible for maintaining a healthy communication with the suppliers for maintaining a sustainable relationship. Therefore, the company has adopted an effective strategy for building a healthy strategy with the suppliers. It also helps the organization to monitor the activities of the suppliers along with sharing organizational activities with the suppliers. Task 2: Understanding the nature of the natural environment in which the organization operates 2.1 Explaining how economic system attempts to allocate resources in effective manner There are mainly three types of economic systems present in this world market economy, planned economy and mixed economy. Market economy is such an economy, where the decisions related to the use of resources and the prices of goods and the people in the country decide services. On the other side, in case of planned economy, the government of the country takes the decisions related to the use of resources and pricing. The mixed economy is the combination of these two economic systems (Kline 2014, p.70). The resource allocation mechanism in the market economy is driven by the free interactions of the market forces. This indicates that in the market economy, the consumers decide what needs to produce; producers decide how that needs to be produced and the purchasing power of the customers decides for whom to produce (Hossain 2014, p.751). The government decides the resource allocation mechanism in the planned economy by creating a centralized planning. This means, the government decid es what to produce, how to produce and for whom to produce. In case of the mixed economy system, the resource allocation is determined by the demand and supply of the market forces. In UK, the economic system is of free market economy, where the consumers decide what to produce, companies take the decision regarding how to produce and the purchasing power of the consumer decides whom to produce (Dosi et al. 2015). Now, if there is inflation in the economy, then the money supply in the economy will grow up and due to that the expense level of the consumer will rise and the companies will be able to employment more people. The economic system will influence the companies to allocate resource that is more human. On the other side, the companies in the economy will be able to pay minimum wage to each of the employees. 2.2 Assessing the impact of monetary and fiscal policy on Crocodile Garments and its activities The monetary and the fiscal policy of a country have several effects on the business of an organization. In case of the business of Crocodile Garments, the business of the company can be affected and its activities can be changed due to the changes in the fiscal and monetary policies of the government of the country (Rey 2015). The effects are shown below: Fiscal Policies and its Impact Increasing VAT (Value Added Tax): Value Added Tax or VAT is a consumption tax that is applied on a product or service at the time when the value is added to the product or service at the production as well as final stage. If the government of UK increases the rate of VAT, the indirect cost of the company will increase because the maintenance cost or accounting cost of the company will grow up (Dosi et al. 2015). However, the impact of VAT is more on consumers than the company. If the rate of VAT increases, then the prices of the products will also increase because it is an indirect tax that the consumer requires to pay while purchasing the product. Due to this, the company will require to change the price level of the products (Craig and Campbell 2012). Increasing Income Tax If the government of UK increases the rate of income tax, then the cost of the Crocodile Garments will grow up because the company will require paying more taxes on its PBT. This will actually de-motivate the company growing the income level (Rey 2015). However, the company can manage the income tax through proper tax planning. Monetary policies and impacts Reducing interest rate In case of Crocodile Garments, this monitory policy will help the company to borrow high amount at low cost. Therefore, the spending of the organization will also increase for this activity. Increasing Money Supply The monetary policy in a country aims to influence the consumer spending and aggregate demand in the market by using the interest rates and the different monetary tools. In case of UK governments monetary policy, the aim is to keep the inflation rate in the economy within the target of CPI 2% +/- 1. Now if the money supply in the UK economy is increased due to the monetary policy, then the aggregate demand in the market will also grow up and this will increase the revenue of the Crocodile Garments (Legislation.gov.uk 2016). The company will increase the production. At the same time, due to the increased money supply in the market, the company will be able to employ more employees. As the interest rates will be low due to the increased money supply in the market, the total costs of Crocodile Garments will decrease and the investment opportunities will increase. 2.3 Evaluating the impact of competition policy and other regulatory mechanism on the activities on Crocodile Garments Competition policy helps the organizations to gain competitive advantage and this policy helps the business organizations to conduct fair trade in the domestic and international market. This policy prevents collusion among the firms and therefore, power can be distributed among the firms equally. In other words, competition policy helps to prevent one organization to gain excessive market power. Moreover, the aim of the government is to prevent business monopoly, which is indirectly improving the overall economy of the country. The competition policy of UK government has been stated under the Competition Act 1998 (Legislation.gov.uk 2016). This act aims to investigate about the suspected abuses of the monopoly businesses in order to protect the interests of the customers. Due to the competition policies of UK government, the management at Crocodile Garments is bound to maintain the price level about the cost because the Competition Act 1998 restricts the selling of products below the cost level (Legislation.gov.uk 2016). Similarly, the firm cannot set the price at much high level because if the firm does this, then the Competition Act 1998 will consider that pricing as the abuse of monopoly power. At the same time, the management at Crocodile Garments cannot deal with the suppliers at very low price because that will be again considered as the use of power (Legislation.gov.uk 2016). On the other side, the Employment Rights Act 1996 in UK states about all the rights of the employees and employers in the business organizations in UK (Legislation.gov.uk 2016). Therefore, the management at Crocodile Garments is bound to set their activities in such a way so that every employee can have equal rights. No discrimination is done based on gender, race or religion. Task 3: Understanding the behavior of Crocodile Garments in the market environment 3.1 Explaining how the market structure determine the pricing and output decision of business There are several types of market structure available in the economies of different countries. Mainly four types of markets can be noticed in different countries as well as in UK and these are perfectly competitive market, monopoly market, monopolistic market and oligopoly market. A market can be considered as a perfectly competitive market, when there are many buyers and sellers, every seller has similar right to sale the products, and there is no entry or exit barrier in the perfectly competitive market. In this type of market, the sellers have no control over the prices of the products (Mirman, Salgueiro and Santugini 2015). As there are numbers of seller in the market with equal rights and the buyers have all the information about the market, no one can influence the price and output level in the market. The market forces set the output decision. On the other side, in a monopoly market, there is only one seller and there are many buyers in the market. Due to this, the seller has all the power to take the decision regarding the price and output level. If the seller notices that there is high demand in the market, the seller can increase the price level without increasing the output much (Andersen and Vetter 2015). On the other side, the seller can also increase the output level by keeping the price at same level. In case of monopolistic market, there are many producers or sellers and many buyers. However, the products of every seller are different from each other. In this type of market structure, the output level is set as per the level of competition in the market (Nikaido 2015). For example, if the Crocodile Garments operates its business in the monopolistic market and one competitor of Crocodile garment increases the output level and decreases the price level in order to compete at the higher level, the Crocodile Garments will also increase the output level and decrease the price level so that it does not lose the existing customers. Oligopoly market is that market, where there are few producers or sellers and they dominate the market. There are many buyers in the oligopoly market and the products are differentiated or homogeneous. In this type of market, the output level is determined by the level of production of each of the seller or producer in the market (Geras' kin and Chkhartishvili 2015). 3.2 Illustrating the way in which market forces shape organizational responses There are several factors, which are known as the primary market forces for a business organization and these are demand and supply in the market, the price level, the inflation rate and recession level (Worthington and Britton 2009). These market forces can affect the activities of the business organizations in several ways (McDonald 2012). For example, if there is high demand for the fashionable mens shirt in the market of UK, then the Crocodile Garments can easily enhance their production and at the same time can increase the price level of the products. Similarly, if the price level of the products of the competitors is low, then the management at Crocodile Garments is bound to maintain the price of the products at low level (Minford et al. 2015). If there is recession in the economy, then the company requires increasing the prices of the products in order to recover the cost of the manufacturing (Li and Liu 2013, p.1402). The garments industry or market is a type of oligopoly market, where few firms operate their business and dominate the market and each of the firms are interdependent and highly influenced by the market forces. The firms in the garment industry are highly influenced by the demand or tastes and preferences of the customers in the market (Kelly and Ashwin 2013). At the same time, they are interdependent on each other (Geras' kin and Chkhartishvili 2015). For example, there is high demand for the cotton shirts in the market in UK and Crocodile Garments is able to sale the cotton shirts at a moderate price level. Now, as there is high demand for the cotton shirts, the competitors of Crocodile Garments will also produce the cotton shirts and as Crocodile Garments is selling the cotton shirts at moderate price level, the competitors will not be able to charge high price for the cotton shirts (Chakravarty 2016). Therefore, it is clear that the competitors of the Crocodile Garments are depen dent on it in case of setting the price level of the products. On the other side, if there is inflation in the market and one of the competitors of Crocodile Garments increases the prices of the products in order to cover the cost, the Crocodile Garments will also increase the price level. 3.3 Judging the way in which business and cultural environment shape the behavior of Crocodile Garments The behavior of a business organization like, Crocodile Garments is highly influenced by the business and cultural environments. In order to identify the effects of business and cultural environments in shaping the behavior of the Crocodile Garments, it is important to analyze the business and cultural environments of the business with the help of PESTLE framework. The analysis is stated below: Political: The political environment in UK is much favorable for the business organizations like, Crocodile. The low interest and tax rates charged by the government of UK have influenced the management of Crocodile Garments paying all interests and taxes properly. These policies of the government have influenced the company rejecting any kind of tax avoidance and fraudulence in the business (Serra, Pointon and Abdou 2012). At the same time, the government of UK has mandated the transparency in the business, which has also influenced the Crocodile Garments behave in a transparent manner. Economic: The current situation of UKs economy is much stable than five years back. However, after the Brexit, the value of pound has decreased and it has affected not only the economy of the country but also the financial positions of the business organizations. However, this type of situation has influenced the business like, Crocodile Garments performing in a better way. The company has influenced to invest more for further development of the business (Hammer et al. 2015). At the same time, as the economic condition is not much sound, the business has concentrated on maintaining the transparency so that the foreign investors get attracted towards the investment at Crocodile Garments. Social: The people in different communities in UK are much fashionable and very adaptive in nature. The culture of the people in the society is mixed culture, which has influenced the management at Crocodile Garments implementing the cross-cultural business management system within the organization. As the people in the society are very conscious about their rights and thoughts, the organization has taken special care of the employees rights and valued the views of the employees (Shen 2014). At the same time, the organization has also taken care of the quality of the products because the people in the society are also very specific about their social classes. Technological: UK is much advanced in technology. The advanced technological environment has helped the organization handling the situations when there is scarcity of raw materials. With the help of advanced technology, the company is able to manufacture the products with the help of substitute raw materials (Fletcher 2013). Moreover, the advanced technology in UK has influenced the garments manufacturer like Crocodile Garments changing the fashion of the people. Legal: In UK, every organization is bound to maintain certain legal guidelines like, Employment Rights Act, 1996, National Minimum Wage Act 1998, Health, and Safety at Work Act 1974. All of these legal guidelines have influenced the organization maintaining a proper working environment at the workplace and providing proper remuneration and safety to the employees (Hammer et al. 2015). Environmental: The people as well as the government in UK are very conscious about the natural environment of the country. The Climate Change Act 2008 has influenced the management at Crocodile Garments maintain the sustainability of the natural environment while operating the business activities (Shen 2014). Task 4: Assessing the significance of the global factors that shape national business activities 4.1 Discussing the significance of international trade to UK business organization In case of the UK business environment, the service-based organizations are highly influenced by the development of global economic. On the other hand, the UK market is full of service-based organizations operating in the overseas market for taking advantage from the global economy. International tread is one of the most important to UK organizations, as it helps the organizations to gain superiority in competitive market. Globalization is the major reason for which UK organizations are expanding in international market. Following are the benefits of international trade. Advantage of new market segment: An international expansion allows the organizations to develop new market segments by targeting new consumers. In this manner, the organization can increase production as well as the profitability at the same time (Li and Liu 2013, p.1402). Moreover, a new market segment helps an organization to introduce new product design for influencing needs and demands of the newly retained consumers. Overcome stagnancy of domestic market: If the domestic market environment is saturated in terms of market competition and viability, then it can influence an organization to expand business in international market. In case of the UK market, the business possibilities are very high. However, the market is stagnant in terms of demand of domestic products. Therefore, it influences the organizations of UK to expand business in international market rather than being limited to the domestic market. Product or Service diversification: The nature of business is one of the major factors, which influences an organization to go beyond the national borders. More significantly, it is important to build a global essence for some products to be accepted by the consumers. For example, if an organization is providing telecommunication service in the UK market, then it is necessary to be a multinational corporation for gaining trust of the consumers. On the other hand, introducting new service packages along with products would help the company to expand in international market in an effective manner. Specialized products: There are some products, which are specialized and it is not possible to exploit the profitability in the domestic market. In order to gain opportunity of large market, it becomes important for the UK based organizations to expand their business in international market. Contribution of international trade to the GDP of UK: As per the latest national statistics in UK, the international trade has contributed 30% to 32% of the total GDP of the country. However, the national statistics have also disclosed that in the last year, the country had trade deficit of 36.6 billion from the trade of goods and services. In 2015, the exports of the company fell by 2.3 billion (Ons.gov.uk 2016). The fall in the trade of goods was 8.2 billion, which was offset by the increase in the export of services of 5.9 billion (Ons.gov.uk 2016). However, as there are several future opportunities in the emerging markets, it can be expected that in future the country will achieve trade surplus. 4.2 Analyzing the impact of global factors on UK business organization The term international business refers to the organization expansion across the national borders. In this kind of business expansion, the organizations can increase consumer base along with organizational profitability and global essence. In this era of business environment, every organization focuses on business expansion in the international market. In case of the UK based organizations, the aim of the organizations is mostly to export products in the overseas market for increasing profitability. Several factors influence the UK-based organizations to expand in the international market. PESTEL is an effective framework for evaluating the external market forces in business (Wetherly and Otter 2011, p.351). Following are certain factors, which influences organizations in the UK market to expand in the international market. Political factors: International business expansion depends on the political stability of the targeted country, which is a global factor (Al Khattab et al. 2012, p.169). If the political background of a country is unstable, it will be obvious that the business policies of that country will be unstable. Therefore, political instability of a country can affect international expansion of CG negatively. Economic Factors: Global business is directly associated with the global economy. This factor affects the buying power of the buyers along with the market demand of products and services. Most of the UK business organizations are operating their businesses in developing countries. On the other hand, economical recession, inflation and other economical crisis reduce the product demands of the UK organizations (Grigorescu and Badea 2013, p.65). Therefore, it can be said that economic stability of the country has effect on overseas tread of CG. Social Issues: The social trend is evolving rapidly and therefore, needs and expectations of the consumers are changing. However, in this changing trend of consumers buying behavior, UK based organizations are conducting efficient consumer evaluation in order to maintain business sustainability. In case of the UK market, most of the population is aged and therefore, organizations are paying extra cost for the retired employees. On the other hand, the demand of fast moving goods is lower than the demand of medicines and accommodation. In case of CG, the business development of the company can be effected by the changing social trends. Technological Factors: The technological factors are one of the most important factors, which affect the growth and development of an organization. The UK business environment is highly innovative in terms of technological aspects. Since 2010, the use of social media increased among the aged groups as well (Ayres 2013, p.1541). Therefore, it can be said that technological innovation is what organizations are opting in order to promote their offerings (Micheli et al. 2012, p.51). It helps the business organizations to attract consumers from competitive market. Therefore, CG needs to response quickly in order to adopt innovative technology in order to increase customer retention in international market. Environmental Protection: An organization needs to comply with the environmental policies in order to maintain business sustainability. UK organizations use the support of media in order to promote their sustainable practices with the stakeholders. However, the UK media can conduct negative publicity of an organization, which affects business growth and development negatively (Economicshelp.org 2016). In order to conduct sustainable business, CG needs to conduct corporate social responsibilities in an efficient manner. Legal Factors: In order to maintain business sustainability, an organization should comply with the changing legal frameworks. Currently, the UK government has implemented different legal frameworks for the domestic and international businesses such as minimum wages and recirculation policy (gov.uk 2016). Not complying with the legal frameworks will affects business development of CG negatively. Apart from the above mentioned factors, there are many other factors, which have affected the business organizations in UK. One of those factors is the international trade. At the current scenario, the percentage of import is higher than the percentage of export in UK. Most of the large business organizations in UK are importing the labor from the countries like, China and India in order to achieve the competitive advantage (Economicshelp.org 2016). This indicates that the international trade is helping the UK business organizations achieving the competitive advantage in the market. If the business organizations achieve the competitive advantage due to international trade, then their profit level also grows up, which influence the positive contribution towards the economy of the country. On the other side, several market opportunities have high impact on the business organizations in UK. One of them is the lowest corporate tax rate. In this current scenario, the corporate tax rate on the profit is 20% for the companies, which earn yearly profit of 300000 or less than that and 21% for the companies, which earn yearly profit above 300000, whereas in USA, the corporate tax rate is 39.1% and in Australia it is 30% (Economicshelp.org 2016). This lowest corporate tax influences the business organizations developing their business in UK economy. The annual growth rate of UK economy also influences the business organizations. The annual growth rate of UK economy is 2.7% and it is Europes the second healthiest economy after Germany. Due to the high economic growth, the business organizations in UK are getting more opportunities for business expansion because the amount of investment has increased in the business organizations in UK. The current investment statistics of Europe has disclosed that 80% of the total FDI investment has been done in the businesses in UK (Ealbusiness.co.uk 2016). The World Trade Organization has also contributed towards the growth of the UKs business organizations. The deal with the WTO in December 2013 has provided great business opportunities to the small business organizations in UK. This particular deal has provided the scope of starting 100000 new small businesses in UK, which have contributed 30 billion to the UK economy (Wto.org 2016). There is another factor that has high impact on the business organizations in UK and that is the emerging market opportunities. In a survey in recent past that is in 2012, it has been identified that 83% of the UK business organizations are looking to the emerging markets in the developing country for business growth. The business organizations in UK are mostly interested to invest in the emerging markets of India, China, France, Singapore, USA and Germany (Mizudesign.com M 2016). Protectionism has also impact on the development of the business organizations in UK. The government of UK has realized that if there is more protectionism, there is less scope for import and exports or international trade. Due to this, the government of the country has implemented fewer tariffs and other barriers for international business, which has helped the organizations in further business development (Mizudesign.com 2016). 4.3 Evaluating the impact of policies of the European Union on UK business organizations European Union Policies affects the business activities of CG (Crocodile Garments) in an effective manner. Following are the EU policies and its impact on the CGs business development and the overall UK economy. Employment policy: Government of UK has implemented employment policy in which CG should provide training to the employees in order to improve organizational efficiency. However, a certain economic recession would force the employees to accept low wages (Bolton, Laaser and Mcguire 2016, p.589). On the other hand, government has implemented different training programs for increasing employment. It affects the business environment of CG positively and therefore, the CG can conduct sustainable business on domestic and international market. Inflation policy: The European Union (EU) has implemented this policy for handling instable economical situation. In order to handle such situations, the government increases the interest rate and therefore, cost of product price goes high (Euintheus.org 2016). In this particular market situation, spending of people reduces and therefore, product demand of CG may reduce. Taxation Policy: The government has implemented this policy for helping the organization in contributing to the social community. Apart from that, following this particular policy, government can also contribute in organizational development of domestic and international organizations. Therefore, it can be said that this policy of EU helps CG to maintain business sustainability. 5.0 Conclusion While concluding, it can be said that todays organizations are implementing consumer centric strategies for satisfying different types of stakeholders. Apart from consumers, investors, social community and suppliers are the stakeholders of an organization. Strategies of an organization depend on the business process and external environment. This paper shows how different types of organizations used to stay connected with their stakeholders. 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